This report examines the social media information environment during Kosovo’s 2025 National and Local Elections, analyzing digital political dynamics across both governance levels. Covering the period December 2024 to November, 2025, the report provides a comprehensive assessment of how online discourse shapes political participation and public perception. The study focuses on four key areas: Online Violence Against Women in Politics (VAW-P), Gendered Information Disorders, Coordinated Inauthentic Behaviour and the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Politics.
As digital engagement expands, women’s already precarious representation in the public sphere faces intensified pressure. The analysis shows that VAW-P online is systemic, strategically deployed, and often sensationalized to generate high engagement.

Women politicians are routinely subjected to misogynistic, sexualized, and morally charged attacks that shift attention away from policy debates and instead weaponize their private lives, appearance, or relationships. Satirical or entertainment-framed content often masks hostility, enabling misogynistic narratives to spread widely. Women from minority communities face compounded discrimination, where gendered attacks intersect with ethnic or nationalist rhetoric. The report finds that these narratives are frequently coordinated, amplified through partisan networks, and further exacerbated by platform vulnerabilities and emerging AI-driven content. Overall, heightened visibility during election cycles increases women’s exposure to online abuse, undermining their credibility, authority, and equal participation in political life.

This report was made possible with the support of the “Support to civil society in Kosovo” project, funded by the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg and implemented by LuxDev, the Luxembourg Development Cooperation Agency.